It is popular with artists and for technical drawings. Indian ink is a writing ink, but its widest application is as a drawing ink. Borax and shellac react chemically together to produce a soap, which is soluble in liquid form, but is insoluble once it evaporates. Sometimes the Indians add camphor to the ink. India ink is in liquid form is made by mixing gum Arabic, shellac, and borax, and then the carbon is suspended in the liquid. The Chinese tend to apply it with small brushes, rather than pens. The Latin name for all these types of carbon (C) or cinnabar (HgS) based inks ink was “atramentum librarium”.Ĭarbon inks are made of finely powdered lampblack, a type of carbon, held together by glue. Inks with a chemical precipitation added such as Ferro Gallic (iron gall) inks. This development itself has revolutionised many aspects of the printing business not the least of which is in the sign industry.
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despite the early problems with inkjet ink the process has now been improved so that colours do not fade and lose their brilliance outdoors in bright natural light. Inkjet ink does not use dyes as the colorant but pigments. Inkjet printers have revolutionised the printing industry, but the printing heads are so sensitive several different types of ink have developed for them. In today’s complex world, the ink must be compatible with the type of machinery using it. Sometimes a pH level is necessary and buffering additives stabilise the level. At the same time, the ink must have the correct consistency for its purpose and added biocides ensure the consistency. Water based inks have humectants added so that the resultant ink does not dry out too quickly. To understand the chemical structure of ink it is necessary to understand the properties of the chemicals that have gone into ink production and why certain chemicals improve or debase its durability. Ink and its production has always been to a certain extent problematic, it has always had issues regarding durability, it fades when exposed to sunlight and different types of paper absorb different amounts of ink.īetween the eighth and the eleventh Century a chemical ink, iron gall ink developed from tannic acid and iron salt became a popular colorant bound by resin. The ancient Hebrew word for ink is “deyo”, which when translated means blackness. They used fine particles of carbon called lampblack for the colorant, and gums, saps or glues were the vehicles.ĭespite the fact that ancient inks were crude efforts the ancients strove to make them enduring, so that the information they passed on remained a permanent record. The ancient Egyptians and the Chinese, both developed ink at approximately the same time around 2500. They are all comprised of two components, a vehicle and a colorant. Ink is everywhere, its used to print the labels of the food in the supermarket, newspapers, advertising, regular and ballpoint pens.
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Ink has been a dye since the dawn of man early examples were a mixture of soot from wood smoke and animal fat, thickened with the gelatine from skins. Its greatest impact was to spread knowledge, in the form of the printed word, long before Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany in the mid fifteenth Century.
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Ink History History of Ink and It's Development